• Panicle

A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a panicle are often racemes. A panicle may have determinate or indeterminate growth.

• Genotype

A genotype is an individual’s collection of genes. … The genotype is expressed when the information encoded in the genes’ DNA is used to make protein and RNA molecules. The expression of the genotype contributes to the individual’s observable traits, called the phenotype.

• Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens bones to the point where they break easily—most often, bones in the hip, backbone (spine), and wrist. Osteoporosis is called a “silent disease” because you may not notice any changes until a bone breaks. All the while, though, your bones had been losing strength for many years.

• Phytochemicals

Phytochemicals are chemicals found in plants that protect plants against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Eating large amounts of brightly colored fruits and vegetables (yellow, orange, red, green, white, blue, purple), whole grains/cereals, and beans containing phytochemicals may decrease the risk of developing certain cancers as well as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. The action of phytochemicals varies by color and type of the food. They may act as antioxidants or nutrient protectors, or prevent carcinogens (cancer causing agents) from forming.

• Polyphenols

Polyphenols are micronutrients that naturally occur in plants. They’re included in many supplements, though they’re also easy to get in your diet from foods like fruits, vegetables, teas, and spices. There are more than 8,000 types of polyphenols, which include: Flavonoids like quercetin and catechins in fruits.

• Coarse cereals

Coarse cereals are a broad sub-group of several short duration warm weather (Kharif) crops such as Jowar (Sorghum), Bajra (Pearl Millet), Maize, Ragi (Finger Millet) etc. They are used in food, fodder, fuel; value added products and also fast food products.

• Nutri-cereals

Most of millet crops are native of India and are group of small grained cereal food crops which are highly nutritious. Millets are popularly known as Nutri-cereals as they provide most of the nutrients. Required for normal functioning of human body. Millets are Gluten free and good for people who are gluten-intolerant.

• Nutraceutical

A nutraceutical is defined as any substance that is a food or part of a food and provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease.

• Pearl millet.

Pearl millet is the most widely grown type of millet. It has been grown in Africa and the Indian subcontinent since prehistoric times.

• Vata Dosha

Vata is one of three doshas (energies) in Ayurvedic medicine. The other two are pitta and kapha. According to Ayurveda, the doshas govern the physiological activities of the human body. Vata controls movements in the body, such as blood flow, elimination and breath. It is seen as the primary dosha since kapha and pitta are not able to move without it.

Vata is a combination of air and ether. It is dry, light, cold, rough, moving and always changing. People with a predominantly vata dosha are mostly energetic, creative and lively. They are light sleepers with sensitive digestion. When vata gets out of balance, they can get anxious, have insomnia, lose weight and suffer from indigestion.

• Magnesium

Magnesium is an important mineral, playing a role in over 300 enzyme reactions in the human body. Its many functions include helping with muscle and nerve function, regulating blood pressure, and supporting the immune system….Almonds, spinach, and millets are some of the foods highest in magnesium.

• Niacin

Niacin, or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble B vitamin found naturally in some foods, added to foods, and sold as a supplement. The two most common forms of niacin in food and supplements are nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. The body can also convert tryptophan—an amino acid—to nicotinamide.

• Samai

Samai (Little millet) also called as ‘King of cereals’ is a species of millet in the family Poaceae. The grain is round and smooth. Food prepared using Samai are delicious and tasty.

• Phenolic

Phenolic compounds are a group of metabolites derived from the secondary pathways of plants. Polyphenols comprise flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, lignans, and coumarins, compounds naturally found in fruits, vegetables, cereals, roots, and leaves among other plant products. In this sense, recent works suggest the potential health benefits of phenolic compounds as antioxidants against oxidative stress diseases.

• Glycaemic index

The glycaemic index (GI) is a rating system for foods containing carbohydrates. It shows how quickly each food affects your blood sugar (glucose) level when that food is eaten on its own.

• Lecithin

Lecithin is a mixture of fats that are essential to cells in the human body. It can be found in many foods, including soybeans, egg yolks and cereals like millets.

• Folic acid

Folic acid is the man-made version of the vitamin folate (also known as vitamin B9). Folate helps the body make healthy red blood cells and is found in certain foods. Folic acid is used to: treat or prevent folate deficiency anaemia.

• Post menopause

Post menopause is a term to describe the time after someone has gone through menopause. When you’re in post menopause, your menstrual period has been gone for longer than 12 consecutive months. At this stage in life, your reproductive years are behind you and you’re no longer ovulating (releasing eggs).

• Constipation

Constipation is generally described as having fewer than three bowel movements a week. Though occasional constipation is very common, some people experience chronic constipation that can interfere with their ability to go about their daily tasks.

• Inflammation

Inflammation refers to your body’s process of fighting against things that harm it, like infections, injuries, and toxins, in an attempt to heal itself. When something damages your cells, your body releases chemicals that trigger a response from your immune system.

• Haemorrhage

Haemorrhage is loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel. The bleeding can be inside or outside the body, and blood loss can be minor or major.

• Detoxifying

Detoxification or detoxication (detox for short) is the physiological or medicinal removal of toxic substances from a living organism, including the human body, which is mainly carried out by the liver.

• HbA1c

HbA1c is a blood test that is used to help diagnose and monitor people with diabetes. It is also sometimes called a haemoglobin A1c, glycated haemoglobin or glycosylated haemoglobin. HbA1c refers to glucose and haemoglobin joined together (the haemoglobin is ‘glycated’).

• Celiac disease

Celiac disease, sometimes called celiac sprue or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye. If you have celiac disease, eating gluten triggers an immune response in your small intestine.

• Irritable bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine. Signs and symptoms include cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation, or both. IBS is a chronic condition that you’ll need to manage long term.

• Cardiovascular

The cardiovascular, or circulatory, system supplies the body with blood. It consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. CVD is now the most common cause of death worldwide. However, there are many ways to reduce the risk of developing these conditions.

• Duodenum

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine (5-7 m), followed by the jejunum and ileum (in that order); it is also the widest and shortest (25 cm) part of the small intestine. The duodenum is a C-shaped or horseshoe-shaped structure that lies in the upper abdomen near the midline

• hyperglycaemia

High blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) affects people who have diabetes. Several factors can contribute to hyperglycaemia in people with diabetes, including food and physical activity choices, illness, no diabetes medications, or skipping or not taking enough glucose-lowering medication.

• Quinoa

A plant of the goosefoot family found in the Andes, where it was widely cultivated for its edible starchy seeds prior to the introduction of Old World grains.

• Micronutrients

Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals needed by the body in very small amounts. However, their impact on a body’s health are critical, and deficiency in any of them can cause severe and even life-threatening conditions. … Micronutrient deficiencies can cause several serious health issues.

• gluten-free

A gluten-free diet excludes any foods that contain gluten, which is a protein found in wheat and several other grains. It means eating only whole foods that don’t contain gluten, such as fruits, vegetables, meat and eggs, as well as processed gluten-free foods like gluten-free bread or pasta.

• Pathophysiology

The physiology of abnormal states specifically: the functional changes that accompany a particular syndrome or disease.

• Antioxidants

Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow damage to cells caused by free radicals, unstable molecules that the body produces as a reaction to environmental and other pressures. … The sources of antioxidants can be natural or artificial. Certain plant-based foods are thought to be rich in antioxidants.

• Anti-inflammatory

A drug or substance that reduces inflammation (redness, swelling, and pain) in the body. Anti-inflammatory agents block certain substances in the body that cause inflammation.

• Antitumorigenic

Antitumorigenic is Opposing tumorigenesis; serving to counteract the formation of tumors.

• Anticarcinogenic

Having to do with preventing or delaying the development of cancer.

• Alkaloids

Alkaloids are nitrogenous compounds of low molecular weight. They are mainly produced by plants and animals for defense. Examples of alkaloids include morphine, codeine, coniine, quinine, scopolamine, hyoscamine, atropine, caffeine, sangunarine, berberine, etc.

• Phenolic

Phenolic or phenolcarboxylic acids (a type of phytochemical called a polyphenol) are one of the main classes of plant phenolic compounds. They are found in the variety of plant-based foods viz. seeds, skins of fruits and leaves of vegetables contain them in highest concentrations.

• Flavonoids

Flavonoids, a group of natural substances with variable phenolic structures, are found in fruits, vegetables, grains, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea and wine. These natural products are well known for their beneficial effects on health and efforts are being made to isolate the ingredients so called flavonoids.

• Polyphenols

Polyphenols are a category of compounds naturally found in plant foods, such as fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices, tea, dark chocolate, and wine.

They can act as antioxidants, meaning they can neutralize harmful free radicals that would otherwise damage your cells and increase your risk of conditions like cancer, diabetes, and heart disease.

Polyphenols are also thought to reduce inflammation, which is thought to be the root cause of many chronic illnesses

• Apoptosis

A type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell lead to its death. This is one method the body uses to get rid of unneeded or abnormal cells. The process of apoptosis may be blocked in cancer cells. Also called programmed cell death.

• Immunocompetence

Having the ability to produce a normal immune response.

• Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery. Risk factors may include high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, physical activity, and eating saturated fats.

• Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is a painkiller available over the counter without a prescription. It’s one of a group of painkillers called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and can be used to: ease mild to moderate pain – such as toothache, migraine and period pain.